What a portfolio actually pays

Dividend income is your portfolio multiplied by its yield. A broad US index fund yields somewhere around 1.2 to 1.5 percent, so a million dollar portfolio pays roughly $12,000 to $15,000 a year before tax.

Chasing yield is the standard trap. A very high yield usually means the market expects the payment to be cut, and total return is what funds a retirement rather than the dividend alone.

Common questions

How much do I need to live on dividends?

Divide your annual spending by the yield. At a 3 percent yield, $40,000 of income needs about $1.33 million. At a broad index yield closer to 1.3 percent the same income needs over $3 million, which is why most retirees sell shares as well as collecting dividends.

Are dividends better than selling shares?

Not inherently. A dividend reduces the share price by the amount paid, so receiving one is economically similar to selling a small slice. In a taxable account a dividend is forced income you cannot time, while a sale is income you choose the year of.

How are dividends taxed?

Qualified dividends are taxed at long term capital gains rates, which is lower than ordinary income. Non qualified dividends, including most from REITs, are taxed as ordinary income. Both count toward the income used for marketplace health insurance subsidies.

Is a high dividend yield a warning sign?

Often, yes. Yield is the payment divided by the price, so an unusually high figure frequently means the price has fallen because the market doubts the payment will continue. Check whether the dividend is covered by earnings before treating the yield as real.

Related calculators